World Meteorological Organization

Date: 2026-05-07

Version: 0.1

Document status: DRAFT

Document location: https://wmo-im.github.io/first-mile-guide/first-mile-guide/first-mile-guide-DRAFT.html

Standing Committee on Information Management and Technology (SC-IMT)[1]

Commission for Observation, Infrastructure and Information Systems (INFCOM)[2]

Copyright © 2025 World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Table of Contents

1. Scope

2. Conformance

2.1. Conformance Classes

2.1.1. Requirements Class: Core Data Model

2.1.2. Requirements Class: Standard Name Binding

2.1.3. Requirements Class: MQTT Protocol Binding

2.1.4. Requirements Class: Data Sender

2.1.5. Requirements Class: Data Receiver

3. Normative references

4. Terms, definitions and abbreviations

4.1. Terms and definitions

4.1.1. First mile

4.1.2. Host device

4.1.3. Observer device

4.1.4. Observation

4.1.5. Parameter definition

4.1.6. Cell method

4.1.7. Cell period

4.1.8. Empty value

4.1.9. Standard name

4.1.10. Namespace

4.2. Abbreviations

  • CF

  • HMEI

  • INFCOM

  • MQTT

  • protobuf

  • QoS

  • SC-IMT

  • WMO

5. Conventions

5.1. Schema notation (Protocol Buffers v3)

5.2. Requirements, recommendations and permissions

5.3. Namespace and identifier conventions

6. Overview (informative)

6.1. System architecture

6.2. Message flow

6.3. Conformance class summary

7. Data model

7.1. Overview

7.2. Messages

7.2.1. Metadata message

7.2.2. Data message

7.3. Devices

7.3.1. Host device

7.3.2. Observer device

7.3.3. Location and reference surfaces

7.4. Observations and values

7.4.1. Observation

7.4.2. Value types

7.4.3. Missing and error values

7.5. Parameter definitions

7.5.1. Parameter

7.5.2. Cell method

7.5.3. Cell period

7.5.4. Device reference

8. Standard name binding

8.1. Namespace declaration

8.2. Standard name assignment

9. Protocol binding

9.1. Overview

9.2. MQTT version requirements

9.3. Topic structure

9.3.1. Topic pattern

9.3.2. Level definitions and allowed values

9.4. Quality of service

9.4.1. Metadata messages

9.4.2. Data messages

10. Data sender

10.1. Metadata publication

A key feature of the First Mile Format, is the structured inclusion of metadata. This enables

Benefit

Definition

Required in implementation

Machine Translation

Received data can be correctly assigned to observations in database without human interpretation/intervention

Standard Names

Stranger Interpretation

Siting (particularly location and height of observations) and equipment can be deduced from data, enabling assessment of observation quality without access to other information

Location, URL (for additional information)

Efficient Communication

Metadata is not included in every message (reducing bandwidth requirements), only to ensure efficient processing by the Receiver

Transmission Triggers

10.1.1. Mandatory fields

To enable evolution of the First Mile Standard, while maximising backward compatability, the Protobuf REQUIRED keyword is not used. However, omission of key values can render the other included information unusable as it is ambiguous as to how it is related to the other content.

Message

Field

Justification

HostDevice

name

Enables the identification of the end node

ObserverDevice

id

Enables parameters (observation data) to be matched to the sensing/observing/measuring device

ParameterDefinition

id

Enables content from Data messages to be interpreted

Parameter

unit

Critical to hub interpretation of received data

Parameter

DeviceRef

Enables sensors/observers to be matched to their data

If machine to machine translation is expected, then the following following additional fields must be included

Message

Field

Justification

Parameter

standardNames

Enables machine to machine translation of definition, irrespective of parameter name

Parameter

CellMethod

If any data processing is done at the edge, this enables for example the mean and standard deviation to be differentiated (as they will have the same standardNames, units)

10.1.2. Transmission triggers

The hub is unable to process any Data Messages without a current Metadata Message.

10.1.3. Retained messages

10.2. Data publication

10.2.1. Mandatory fields

10.2.2. Observation timestamps

10.3. Device identification

11. Data receiver (structure TBD)


1. https://community.wmo.int/governance/commission-membership/commission-observation-infrastructures-and-information-systems-infcom/commission-infrastructure-officers/infcom-management-group/standing-committee-information-management-and-technology-sc-imt
2. https://community.wmo.int/governance/commission-membership/infcom